A 6 años del crimen de María Guadalupe Puebla, un femicidio que continúa en la espera

Un 19 de agosto de 2014 la aparición de un cuerpo semi enterrado en un descampado a metros de la Laguna Don Tomás conmocionó a la ciudad de Santa Rosa. El caso de María Guadalupe Puebla: la historia de un femicidio que 6 años después continúa a la espera de juzgarse como tal.

El cuerpo de María Guadalupe Puebla (27) apareció semi enterrado en un descampado junto al ladrillo envuelto en sangre que provocó su muerte en 2014. Por el caso, en 2016 la justicia pampeana condenó a Roberto Fabián Lescano (40) a la pena de 12 años de prisión por abuso sexual agravado. Sin embargo, el acusado fue absuelto por el femicidio cuando desde la Fiscalía y la querella habían solicitado la figura de homicidio agravado criminis y causa y femicidio; y por lo tanto la prisión perpetua para Lescano (aplicación del artículo 80 inciso c 11 del Código Penal). Hoy, 6 años después, el caso permanece en la Corte Suprema de Justicia de La Nación, entidad que determinará el pedido para un nuevo juicio donde se espera que finalmente se caratule el caso Puebla como lo que realmente fue: un femicidio.

“Las partes estamos esperando que se expida la Corte Suprema de Justicia. Hasta el día de hoy, esperamos que queden firmes tanto la condena por abuso sexual agravado como el pedido para un nuevo juicio por el femicidio. Son dos instancias que están a la espera”, aseguró el Fiscal General Máximo Paulucci– por entonces representante del Ministerio Público Fiscal en la causa- a Revista Bife consultado sobre el estado del caso contra Roberto Lescano por el crimen de María Puebla aquel trágico agosto de 2014, cuando fue encontrada sin vida a orillas de la laguna Don Tomás.

“Tanto la fiscalía como la querella (a cargo del defensor público Martín García Ongaro, en patrocinio del padre de la víctima, Jorge Puebla)  recurrimos al Superior Tribunal de Justicia para que se abriera un recurso de casación. Lo que resolvió el STJ en su momento fue que la parte absolutoria por el femicidio había sido arbitraria, en tanto se ordenó un nuevo juicio”, sostuvo Paulucci.

El hecho

La última vez que vieron con vida a María Guadalupe Puebla fue un sábado 16 de agosto de 2014 mientras se encontraba junto a Walter Baigorria (su novio) y Roberto Fabián Lescano (su abusador) compartiendo una noche de juntada entre cervezas y cigarrillos en vísperas de un fin de semana largo. Dos días después, su cuerpo apareció sin vida en un descampado ubicado entre las calles Asunción del Paraguay y Gobernador Duval en Zona Norte. ¿Cuál fue el disparador de la investigación? Un ticket de compra en el Supermecardo Chango Mas hallado en la escena del crimen  fue el hilo conductor que puso a Baigorria y a Lescano como los principales sospechosos del caso; ya que se pudo comprobar a través de las cámaras de seguridad del comercio que Puebla pasó las primeras horas de aquel fin de semana con su novio, y más tarde con el amigo de éste: Roberto Lescano.

A partir de allí todas las investigaciones junto al aporte de los testigos (vecinos) comprobaron que Baigorria y Lescano fueron las personas que mantuvieron contacto con Puebla esas 48 horas antes del terrible hallazgo.

Foto: El Diario de La Pampa

Desde que vieron a Puebla por última vez aquel 16 de agosto de 2014, hasta que su cuerpo fue encontrado un 19 de agosto -a las 11 a.m. aproximadamente- existió un “lapso” de 48 horas en las que no hubo registro del paradero de María Guadalupe. Este fue el punto crucial donde los jueces Carlos Bessi, Daniel Saez Zamora y Andrés Olie, fundamentaron el fallo para no adjudicar el femicidio a Roberto Lescano. “Si bien sabemos que Lescano se fue con la víctima aquella madrugada del sábado, lo cierto es que pasaron más de dos días hasta que murió; un lapso muy extenso que abre una enorme incertidumbre sobre la autoría del homicidio violento que sufriera; incertidumbre que impide atribuir la muerte de María Guadalupe Puebla al accionar de Roberto Fabián Lescano”, había argumentado el tribunal al dictar la sentencia en marzo de 2016.

El mismo tribunal sobreseyó de la causa- a pesar del pedido de imputación por supuesto encubrimiento de parte de la querella- al novio de María Puebla, Walter Baigorria, a quién no le encontraron pruebas a lo largo de la investigación. Baigorria -al igual que Lescano- era sordomudo.

Por su parte, para Paulucci, Lescano no solo fue el autor de la agresión sexual contra Puebla sino que también fue quién realizó el golpe mortal para ocultar el primer delito. “El abuso sexual existió. De hecho hubo pruebas de ADN en el cuerpo de Puebla que coincidieron con Lescano. Lo que entendió el tribunal es que como pasaron varias horas, no se pudo determinar si fue el responsable de la muerte u otra persona. Nosotros siempre consideramos que todas las pruebas objetivas demostraron que no hubo ninguna otra persona involucrada – ni en la previa ni posterior- en la escena”, ratificó el Fiscal a Bife. Y agregó: “La persona que dio aviso a la policía fue un familiar de Lescano que aseguró que éste había encontrado las prendas de Puebla. Nosotros consideramos que fue una maniobra del propio victimario como coartada”.

El reo

Roberto Lezcano es sordomudo y solía trabajar en la fabricación de ladrillos en la zona de los hornos, labor donde adquirió una importante fuerza física para doblegar a sus pares. Lescano tenía muchos problemas para poder comunicarse con los demás: se hacía entender cuando compraba regularmente alcohol en las despensas del barrio con gesticulaciones corporales no ortodoxas. De hecho en el juicio oral contó con la ayuda de un intérprete personal, un docente que lo conocía de un instituto en su adolescencia. Sin embargo los informes psiquiátricos periciales concluyeron que “comprendía los actos criminales”. Roberto Lescano, había conocido y experimentado el mal. En 2001 había sido acusado por el homicidio de Mirta Susana De Marco, una mujer en situación de explotación sexual que fue encontrada apuñalada y al lado de ella, el DNI de Lescano, quién más tarde fue absuelto por la Cámara en lo Criminal nº 2 de Santa Rosa. Tiempos donde los femicidios eran crímenes comunes.

La víctima

María Guadalupe Puebla era madre de 3 hijos y padecía de una discapacidad madurativa. Su familia vivía en el Relleno Sanitario de la ciudad de Santa Rosa en condiciones materiales muy precarias. Cuando la policía llegó a aquel descampado ubicado entre las calles Asunción del Paraguay y Duval, en cercanías a la Laguna Don Tomás, habían encontrado un ladrillo con sangre junto a la indumentaria que vestía Puebla, entre ramas y espinas de cálden. Según la autopsia, María tenía lesiones de defensa en sus pies, antebrazos y piernas; todos elementos que comprueban la resistencia de la joven ante el abuso. Además, se pudo acreditar que la agresión que produjo la muerte fue un fuerte golpe en la cabeza que habría sido provocado por el ladrillo encontrado en el descampado envuelto en sangre.

Hoy no se podría decir que es un femicidio impune. Tenemos una resolución de casación que en definitiva hizo lugar a la querella y a Fiscalía; confiamos en que la Corte no haga lugar a los recursos de la defensa y se pueda juzgar en la brevedad por el femicidio en un próximo juicio. Hoy esa absolución no tiene lugar”, concluyó el Fiscal Paulucci a Bife.

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