Se las observa a diario recorriendo postas sanitarias, centros de ayuda social o por las calles de los barrios de Santa Rosa. Son jóvenes y, muchas de ellas son madres que en soledad cuidan de sus hijos frente a una realidad cada vez más deteriorada por la crisis económica que atraviesa el país. Al duro pesar de la pandemia del covid-19, se le suman el costo de los alimentos, la ropa, el calzado y las tarifas mínimas a una pesada mochila que termina cargando sobre el día a día de muchas mujeres hoy en Santa Rosa: únicos sostenes de sus hogares.
Vanesa (36) es adjudicataria de una vivienda en el Barrio Ara San Juan, pero se le hace imposible sostener ese hogar donde vivía con sus dos hijos de 3 y 7 años. Por eso pasa sus días en casa de su madre, quien la ayuda a cubrir los gastos básicos, aún corriendo el riesgo de que le usurpen aquella vivienda que suele parecer lejana y que solo apila boletas vencidas y avisos de cortes de servicios.
“Tengo el gas y la luz cortada, voy a volver cuando pueda refinanciar la deuda”, dice Vanesa a Revista BIFE. Trabajaba en blanco para una empresa de limpieza pero decidió renunciar porque no podía atender y cuidar a sus hijos el tiempo necesario; porque Vanesa, como muchas otras mujeres, es monomarental, es decir, único sostén de la familia, ya que el padre se borró hace tiempo y ya nadie espera más nada de él.
Se le hace imposible sostener ese hogar donde vive con sus dos hijos de 3 y 7 años.
Recibió los 3 Ingresos Familiar de Emergencia (IFE) que el gobierno impulsó los primeros meses del 2020 y que le sirvieron para aliviar los efectos económicos de la pandemia, pero que un día se terminó. Hoy recibe la Asignación Universal Por Hijo (alrededor de 11 mil pesos en total) aunque le resulta insuficiente frente al aumento del costo de vida.
Durante el primer semestre de 2021 el Indec reveló que el 42% de la población es pobre, y de ese universo, el 62% son mujeres. El difícil acceso al mercado laboral genera menos ingresos para el hogar, y por consiguiente, más pobreza. Y si son madres monomarentales como Vanesa la situación se agrava, y más si se tiene en cuenta que los precios aumentaron al 50% en el segundo semestre del año pasado.
El 42% de la población es pobre, y de ese universo, el 62% son mujeres.
Asimismo, según un informe de 2020 realizado por el Centro de Implementación de Políticas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento, 4 de cada 10 madres viven en situación de pobreza, el 23% se convirtió en madre siendo adolescente y el 39 % tiene el secundario incompleto. La realidad revela distintas variantes de la desigualdad: la social, la económica y la de género.
La AUH como único y escaso sostén
La Asignación Familiar por Hijo (AUH) termina siendo el único sustento para muchas mujeres que apenas sostienen el techo de su hogar aunque resulta insuficiente. Hoy para intentar al menos no ser pobre se necesitan más de 60 mil pesos, es decir, que hay más familias que entran en la categoría de indigencia aunque éstas no se autoperciban tan abajo.
Vanesa cuenta que todos los sábados sus hijos concurren al comedor de la iglesia del barrio y, en la semana “vemos”. El alimento escasea y la búsqueda para conseguir útiles y zapatillas una odisea. Se las rebusca para cocinar –como cualquiera- comprando los productos más baratos de la canasta de indigencia, que hoy asciende a $18, 886 para una familia de 3 integrantes, según el Indec (enero 2021).
“Ahora trabajo en casas particulares”, dice Vanesa, resignada, entendiendo que la informalidad le produce menos desgaste emocional a la hora de salir a buscar laburo y “seguridad” para poder sostener la ayuda social.
Pobreza y violencia de género
Este tipo de pobreza en las mujeres y más precisamente en aquellas que sostienen en soledad el hogar abarca varias dimensiones: la falta de oportunidades y de ingresos; inserción laboral precaria, pocas coberturas y, sobre todo, la dependencia de la asistencia del Estado.
Ser el sostén del hogar muchas veces oculta otro tipo de realidades como la violencia económica y física. Muchas veces terminan escapando de la violencia física de sus ex parejas, que suelen volver aprovechando la vulnerabilidad y la preocupación. Por eso Vanesa no recibe ayuda del padre de sus hijos. “Por mí que no aparezca más”, dice.
Había logrado sacarlo de su vida antes que seguir sufriéndolo y no quedar atrapada en la tela araña de la violencia de género, y no tener que ser un número más en la ola de femicidios del país.
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El arte es bueno o es de derecha
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Por el frío y el corte del gas, internan a la beba de una de las madres que usurpó una vivienda en Toay: “Son inhumanos, les importan más las casas que nuestros hijos”
107 thoughts on “Madres que son el único sostén de sus hogares en pandemia: una realidad visible en Santa Rosa”
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