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I
Para conocer realmente a alguien, hay que mirarlo cuando duerme. Eso, o algo parecido, escribe Abelardo Castillo en uno de sus cuentos, atribuyéndolo a un personaje reflexivo y atormentado, en equilibradas proporciones. Más allá de la paradoja, podemos correr el foco, y decir que realmente podemos conocer, tal vez lo más importante de alguien, cuando calla, en sus espacios de silencio. Aquí viene a la memoria Neruda con esos versos demasiado famosos, que unen el silencio femenino a la hermosura contemplativa. Pero si avanzamos, diríamos que hay que saber apropiarse del silencio, para que lo dicho tenga la contundencia expresiva que buscamos darle. Así como leer, según Héctor Libertella en El árbol de Saussure, es “acomodar los blancos al ojo”, podemos intuir que escuchar, es saber captar los silencios del interlocutor.
II
El silencio no es negación. Negar es añadir significado a la trama de sentido en paralelo a lo que se expresó antes. El poder del silencio (que en el barro político inmediato sería aceptar lo que el otro ha dicho) es lograr que el interlocutor no pueda escapar de él, entrometiéndolo en una trama tan confusa como aparentemente inexistente. En El silencio de las sirenas, Franz Kafka construye el Ulises lingüístico más astuto de todos: “Sin embargo, las sirenas poseen un arma mucho más terrible que el canto: su silencio. No sucedió en realidad, pero es probable que alguien se hubiera salvado alguna vez de sus cantos, aunque nunca de su silencio”. La irónica y filosófica traducción del mito desespera.
Hay que saber apropiarse del silencio, para que lo dicho tenga la contundencia expresiva que buscamos darle”
Hemos constituido lo que hay, lo que existe, con la apoyatura, la prótesis de la palabra. Platón, en el Cratilo, no termina de dilucidar la cuestión, porque es inteligente. La palabra ¿es convención, o algo natural que viene con el objeto que se expone al mundo? Sócrates logra -con esa cintura griega tan proclive a la sensación de certeza- disminuir la cuestión entre Hermógenes y Cratilo, volviendo al silencio la disputa.
III
Las brillantes arquitecturas verbales quieren encandilar con su perpetuidad. El silencio es igual a sí mismo; de allí que es más grandioso y perfecto que cualquier esgrima verbal, escritura o ejecución. Como seres letrados, que hablamos y escribimos, debemos responder por nosotros mismos en el habla y en la escritura. Pero lograr apresar la porción de silencio que debemos concedernos, es algo que no terminamos de captar.
Como dice Alberto Girri, “He tratado de decir / que el Occidente está enfermo de materia y de ironía”. La metafísica de la presencia (de la palabra, de la letra) opaca al silencio que suspende cualquier intromisión en su amplitud titánica. Cortar el silencio o romperlo, no es ni más ni menos que hacerse cargo de la pequeñez de nuestro dulce instrumento verbal. Samuel Beckett sabía, como imagino que cada escritor maduro, que la verdadera obra es la más cercana al silencio, esa que no puede escribirse todavía. Con la conciencia humana (caótica, inconforme, siempre envolvente) sucede lo mismo; los espacios vacíos, los silencios incómodos o extáticos suelen revelarnos el peso de lo incompleto.
IV
Robert Walser fue un autor (admirado por Kafka, Musil y por tantos otros) que, preñado de mudez, culminó su búsqueda en los denominados microgramas: ejercicio de una escritura a lápiz que iba empequeñeciendo lo más posible en diversos papelitos hasta el punto de querer desaparecer, o desaparecer en el momento en que dejaba de advertirse en el mundo, esto es, de tener sentido. Juan José Saer ha dicho -citando a Seelig, redescubridor de la obra del austríaco- que Walser ejercitaba con su escritura una “fuga tímida” del mundo. “En realidad, encontrar la inspiración en el papel, en el lugar, en la mesa donde se escribe, es un hecho bastante corriente y en general bien aceptado por la opinión pública. Pero lo que podría generar ciertas resistencias en nuestro mundo finalista y utilitario es la afirmación de que un pedazo de papel destinado al canasto posee una energía más fuerte que los imperativos estéticos, morales, filosóficos o sociales, una energía ausente de esos imperativos y dotada de la rara capacidad de fundar una obra literaria”.
El silencio es igual a sí mismo; de allí que es más grandioso y perfecto que cualquier esgrima verbal, escritura o ejecución”
Enrique Vila Matas, en su agónico aunque sereno Bartleby y compañía, narra el destino de Walser y de más de cincuenta autores que buscan con su arte, su escritura, “la equivalencia del silencio”, es decir, un retiro literario del mundo con la armonía del absoluto. Comenta el narrador de Vila-Matas, en un pasaje del texto: “La vanidad y la fama son ridículas. Séneca decía que la fama es horrible porque depende del juicio de muchos. Pero no es exactamente esto lo que llevaba a Walser a desear ser olvidado. Más que horrible, la fama y las vanidades mundanas eran, para él, completamente absurdas. Y lo eran porque la fama, por ejemplo, parece dar por sentado que hay una relación de propiedad entre un nombre y un texto que lleva ya una existencia sobre la que ese pálido nombre ya no puede seguramente influir”.
A LOS BIFES
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El arte es bueno o es de derecha
120 thoughts on “Silencios”
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