El proyecto de Economía del Conocimiento convertido en ley esta madrugada por la Cámara de Diputados buscará alentar la generación de nuevos emprendimientos o mejoras de los servicios que brindan estas empresas de tecnología, con la promoción de beneficios fiscales que se otorgarán en forma segmentada.
El oficialismo de la Cámara de Diputados logró esta madrugada convertir en ley el régimen de promoción de la Economía del Conocimiento, que otorga un conjunto de incentivos fiscales para el desarrollo de industrias claves para el desarrollo del país.
Tras once horas de sesión, la iniciativa quedó aprobada con 133 votos afirmativos, cinco negativos y 88 abstenciones.
Juntos por el Cambio optó por abstenerse en la votación, y no acompañó por oponerse a las modificaciones que el oficialismo había introducido en el Senado, antes de su retorno a Diputados.
“El proyecto que viene del Senado es superador y mejora notablemente el que habíamos aprobado en la Cámara de Diputados originalmente”, sostuvo el presidente de la comisión de Comunicaciones e Informática, Pablo Carro (Frente de Todos).
El texto de la iniciativa establece que las empresas podrán convertir en un bono de crédito fiscal intransferible hasta el 70% las contribuciones patronales que hayan pagado, y tendrán tiempo para utilizarlo “hasta 24 meses desde su emisión para la cancelación de tributos nacionales”, a excepción del impuesto a las Ganancias.
Dicho bono podrá ascender al 80% de las contribuciones patronales si la empresa incorpora a su nómina de personal a mujeres, travestis, transexuales y transgénero; profesionales con estudios de posgrado en ingeniería, ciencias exactas o naturales; personas con discapacidad; personas residentes en “zonas desfavorables o provincias con menor desarrollo relativo”; y personas que, previo a su contratación, hayan recibido planes sociales.
Por otra parte, la normativa establece que las empresas beneficiarias del sector gozarán de una reducción del impuesto a las Ganancias en un porcentaje que varía en función del tamaño.
El texto original que había girado Diputados preveía que ese beneficio de descuento de Ganancias fuera del 60% para todas las empresas, pero uno de los cambios que le hizo el Frente de Todos al proyecto en el Senado fue un esquema segmentado.
De esta manera, el 60% de descuento aplicará para las pymes y micropymes, al tiempo que la reducción será de 40% para las medianas y 20% para las más grandes.
Este fue el motivo que desencadenó el rechazo de Juntos por el Cambio, que pretendía eliminar la escala introducida en el Senado y que el descuento del 60% fuera general para todas las empresas independientemente de su tamaño.
Para acceder a los beneficios las empresas deberán acreditar que el 70% de su facturación del último año está vinculada a las actividades promovidas o presentar un caso ante la autoridad de aplicación cuando no alcance ese porcentaje.
El texto de la ley define como sujetos alcanzados a la industria del software, la producción audiovisual, biotecnología, bioinformática, ingeniería genética, nanociencia, industria aeroespacial y satelital, e ingeniería nuclear, entre otras actividades.
Los puntos principales de la nueva ley de Economía del Conocimiento:
- El régimen de promoción estará vigente desde el 1 de enero del 2020 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2029.
- Las actividades comprendidas son la industria del software; la producción audiovisual en formato digital; la biotecnología, bioinformática e ingeniería genética; nanotecnología y nanociencia; industria aeroespacial y satelital; e ingeniería para la industria nuclear.
- Se podrán adherir las empresas constituidas en la Argentina o habilitadas a trabajar en el país.
- Las empresas deberán acreditar que el 70 por ciento de su facturación del último año esté vinculadas a las actividades promovidas.
- En el caso de emprendimientos nuevos se deberá acreditar fehacientemente el desarrollo de las actividades promovidas.
- Los beneficiarios deberán acreditar la realización de mejoras continuas en la calidad de sus servicios e invertir en la capacitación de sus empleados: un uno por ciento para las micro empresas, un dos por ciento para las pymes y un cinco por ciento para las grandes.
- Las empresas que inviertan en capacitar a desocupados menores de veinticinco y mayores de 45 años o mujeres que accedan por primera vez a un empleo formal, podrán computar por el doble de su valor.
- Otro requisito que deben cumplir es realizar exportaciones de bienes de las actividades promovidas en un porcentaje respecto de su facturación total del último año de al menos cuatro por ciento para las Micro Empresas y diez por ciento para las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas y un trece por ciento para las Grandes Empresas.
- Los beneficiarios de la ley podrán convertir en un bono de crédito fiscal intransferible hasta el setenta por ciento de las contribuciones patronales que hayan efectivamente pagado.
- Dichos bonos podrán ser utilizados por el término de veinticuatro meses desde su emisión para la cancelación de tributos nacionales.
- El bono de crédito fiscal no podrá utilizarse para cancelar deudas anteriores a la efectiva incorporación del beneficiario al régimen de la ley.
- El beneficio ascenderá al ochenta por ciento de las contribuciones patronales cuando se trate de nuevas incorporaciones laborales de mujeres, personas travestis, transexuales y transgénero, hayan o no rectificado sus datos registrales; profesionales con estudios de posgrado en materia de ingeniería, ciencias exactas o naturales; personas con discapacidad; o personas residentes de “zonas desfavorables”.
- El proyecto crea el Fondo Fiduciario para la Promoción de la Economía del Conocimiento.
161 thoughts on ““Economía del Conocimiento”: Los puntos principales de la nueva ley y los beneficios impositivos”
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