Los menonitas y el trabajo infantil

En Argentina, según la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), 764.000 niños y niñas trabajan, donde además advierten que la situación pudo empeorar por la pandemia. En La Pampa, el problema preocupa en la comunidad menonita. ? ¿Debe el Estado intervenir en culturas que eligen sus propios modos de vida?

Al sudeste de la provincia de La Pampa, en la localidad de Guatraché, se encuentra la estancia “La Nueva Esperanza”, una comunidad menonita (cristianos pacifistas y ultraconservadores) donde alrededor de 300 familias viven aisladas de las ciudades y alejadas de los consumos y costumbres de las sociedades modernas. Sin embargo, existe una problemática que permanece en el tiempo y que involucra directamente al Estado: si bien las comunidades menonitas acceden a la salud pública, la situación del trabajo infantil y educación en los niños y niñas continúan en la agenda de los gobiernos, en este caso, provinciales y municipales.

En este sentido, la problemática se complejiza, ya que los menonitas son fieles a sus tradiciones porque desde su visión del mundo no transgreden ninguna ley. “En el sector rural tenemos gran cantidad de población con la problemática del trabajo infantil. Ahí está naturalizado que los niños acompañen a sus padres en los trabajos. Los menonitas son el ejemplo más claro”, aseguró a BIFE Cintia Zalabardo de la Dirección General de Asistencia Social y Comunitaria de La Pampa, y de la Comisión Provincial para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil (Copreti), consultada sobre la situación en estas comunidades religiosas.

No conocen ni a Messi ni a Maradona, no miran televisión, no tienen teléfonos ni internet; no creen en el Estado ni en la Patria, y hasta hace algunos años tenían prohibido el alcohol y el tabaco, situación que cambió con las nuevas generaciones que ahora suelen tener serios problemas con los vicios, gracias a la concesiones del Obispo. Además los menonitas no solo producen sus materias primas para la comercialización (quesos, leche, materiales para la construcción y muebles, entre otras cosas) sino que también, se educan en escuelas propias.

En tanto, desde el Estado observan con preocupación el tema ya que Argentina  contempla la “libertad de culto” en su Constitución Nacional (artículos 14 ) entonces, no deja de ser una discusión técnica y legal. (Para otra nota)

“Esto tiene que ver con cuestiones culturales, el tema es que tenemos leyes. Esas son las situaciones que hay que trabajar. En la colonia menonita, donde terminan a los 12 años la educación primaria y los preparan para que se introduzcan al mercado laboral, Los niños no tienen pelota para jugar, juegan con tractores y arados”, sostuvo Zalabardo.

Actualmente, Guatraché, según el último censo, cuenta con 3.687 habitantes. La colonia menonita le aporta más de 1300 habitantes al departamento. Hace algunos años, una enfermera, llamada Mónica Mora, logró a través de una estrecha relación de confianza, informar a la comunidad sobre la vacunación que, luego pudo llevar adelante. “La vacunación logró la prevención de muchas enfermedades, y detectar otras problemáticas de salud. Los adultos pudieron comprobar que los niños y niñas se enferman menos y hay menos muertes”, dijo Mora en una entrevista para Redacción.com.ar, quién además agregó que habiendo
entablado un diálogo con las mujeres de la comunidad pudo informar y concientizar sobre la salud.

Por último, a pesar que los habitantes de la “Nueva Esperanza” resisten a la globalización conservando su identidad cultural, nuevas generaciones comenzaron a entablar más diálogos con los gobiernos, sobre todo, en lo referido a lo comercial, donde los menonitas pisan fuerte en la economía regional, sumado al turismo cultural . Y es en este marco donde es posible- como sucedió con las vacunas- que haya avances para erradicar el trabajo infantil que muchas veces termina en tragedia.


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