El Gobierno nacional derogó un decreto de la gestión del expresidente Mauricio Macri sobre política migratoria, al entender que los cambios efectuados bajo el Gobierno anterior “resultan irreconciliables con la Constitución Nacional y con el sistema internacional de protección de los derechos humanos”.
Así lo establece el Decreto 138/2021 publicado este viernes en el Boletín Oficial con la firma del presidente Alberto Fernández y los ministros que integran el Gabinete nacional, que deroga el decreto 70/2017, que modificó aspectos de la Ley N° 25.871 que establece el régimen de la política migratoria argentina.
Del mismo modo, la norma restituye “la vigencia de las normas modificadas, sustituidas o derogadas por el Decreto N° 70 del 27 de enero de 2017” y dispone la creación de una “Comisión Asesora de Política Migratoria” que deberá “proponer medidas no vinculantes relacionadas con la aplicación y actualización de la Ley de Migraciones N° 25.871”.
La ley establece que el régimen de política migratoria argentina, dispone reglas de admisión, ingreso, permanencia y egreso de personas, así como los derechos y obligaciones de los extranjeros y las extranjeras que desean habitar en el país.
El decreto derogado “modificó aspectos sustanciales” de esa ley, según explican las autoridades en los considerandos de la norma, y agregan que como resultado de esas modificaciones se observan violaciones a los derechos humanos.
El decreto derogado viola el principio del debido proceso y el derecho a contar con asistencia y defensa legal
Entre ellas se citan “la violación al principio del debido proceso, al derecho a contar con asistencia y defensa legal, la restricción a un control amplio y suficiente del poder judicial sobre los actos de la autoridad administrativa, la amplitud con la que se prevé la retención preventiva del y de la migrante sin definir las causas que la habilitan y la restricción a los derechos de reunificación familiar y dispensa por razones humanitarias”.
En tanto, las autoridades nacionales añaden en el decreto de derogación que los cambios a la ley migratoria, agravaron “exponencialmente la litigiosidad en materia migratoria”.
Rechazo de organismos internacionales
Sobre este punto señalan que “distintas sentencias judiciales declararon la inconstitucionalidad de diversos aspectos del decreto” y que el Comité de Protección de los Derechos de Todos los Trabajadores Migratorios y de Sus Familiares, el Comité de los Derechos del Niño y el Comité contra la Tortura, dependientes de las ONU “han expresado su profunda preocupación y han instado al Estado Argentino a derogar dicho decreto”.
En el mismo sentido, se pronunció la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos que “ha sido enfática con relación a la protección de los y las migrantes, señalando que los Estados deben respetar sus derechos humanos y garantizar su ejercicio”.
En el momento de la aplicación del decreto en 2017, Amnistía Internacional (AI) había advertido que esa norma introducía “impedimentos concretos para el ingreso y permanencia de migrantes en el país, acelera los trámites de expulsión reduciendo las garantías procesales de las personas, vulnerando el derecho de defensa; elimina la unidad familiar como condición para evitar la expulsión y restringe el acceso a la nacionalidad argentina”.
“El decreto está dirigido mayormente a evitar el ingreso de migrantes y facilitar los mecanismos de expulsión de aquellos que cuenten con antecedentes penales ampliando la posibilidad de hacerlo sin tener en cuenta la realidad de los migrantes, sus lazos con el país, el arraigo en la Argentina, los contextos familiares y la posibilidad de desmembrar una familia”, señaló AI en aquella oportunidad, e indicó que la normativa “amplia el concepto de antecedentes penales vulnerando los derechos de los migrantes”.
28 thoughts on “Alberto derogó decretó de Macri sobre política migratoria; no permitía el ingreso de extranjeros con antecedentes”
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